Aspartame poisoning symptoms - LD-50 for artificial sweeteners is in the ballpark of 10,000 mg/kg. Salt is more toxic at 3000 mg/kg. Aspirin weighs in at 1500 mg/kg and acetaminophen at 500 mg/kg. Obviously, sweeteners are not particularly hazardous. But risk is a measure both of hazard and exposure, so we have to take a look at consumption.

 
Apr 9, 2018 · Related Topic(s): 92 Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms According To Fda; Aspartame Poisoning; Betty Martini; Cancer; Cancer; Diet Cokes; Donald Rumsfeld; Ekaterina Fedyaeva Victim Of Formaldehyde ... . Rancher

Sep 3, 2023 · Aspartame breaks down in part into phenylalanine, which interferes with the action of an enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) previously shown to prevent metabolic syndrome (a group of symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease) according to a 2017 study in Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. In this ... Jan 5, 2023 · Take a couple of cinnamon sticks or half a teaspoon of powdered cinnamon, a two inches piece of ginger, mint leaves (few), 1&1/2 glass of water and simmer on low heat. The mixture when reduces to almost half, leaving a cup sized serving, pour out the liquid only in a cup and have it to detoxify. We report for the first time an unusual musculoskeletal adverse effect of aspartame in two patients. A 50-year-old woman had been suffering from widespread pain and fatigue for more than 10 years leading to the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. During a vacation in a foreign country, she did not suffer from painful symptoms since she had forgotten to ...Apr 16, 2007 · Additives by law must be inert or non-reactive. Inert products do not produce a list of 92 documented symptoms from 4 types of seizures to coma and death, nor necessitate a 1038 page medical text. (Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic, H. J. Roberts, M.D., www.sunsentpress.com or 1 800 827 7991.) Jul 14, 2023 · Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener, meaning it contains an extremely tiny or zero amount of carbohydrates and doesn’t provide the body with energy — or calories — as sugar does. However ... The dangers of aspartame poisoning have been a well-guarded secret since the 1980s. The research and history of aspartame is conclusive as a cause of illness and toxic reactions in the human body. Aspartame is a dangerous chemical food additive, and its use during pregnancy and by children is one of the greatest modern tragedies of all.Aspartame (Blue Packet) Consuming aspartame causes no serious health effects in dogs, aside from minor gastrointestinal problems. That being said, it is in no way a healthy product for dogs to eat.Aspartame poisoning is often misdiagnosed because its symptoms mock other syndromes. It changes the ratio of amino acids in the blood, lowering or blocking levels of hormones like dopamine and tyrosine that are necessary for bodily function.Symptoms Of Aspartame Poisoning. Aspartame poisoning can affect several parts of the body. It has physical as well as psychological implications. In general, the whole body and its various functions can be affected due to aspartame poisoning. Patient may often get tinnitus and buzzing sound in the ears due to aspartame poisoning.Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable hearing loss can also occur. Eye Symptoms. Aspartame can cause decreased vision, particularly night vision, blurring, tunnel vision and eye pain. Symptoms of Aspartame Poisoning. 1. Physical Symptoms. The effects of aspartame are far reaching and negatively impact many organ systems and structures, causing a diminished level of functioning and enjoyment of life. Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable ...May 21, 2023 · Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms. Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener found in numerous food and beverage products. While it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been reports of aspartame poisoning and associated symptoms. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of aspartame poisoning, how it occurs ... An independent study by Sathyapalan et al. in 2015 used a double-blind, randomized crossover design to test the acute effects of aspartame on 14 symptoms plus biochemical and metabolic measurements. Participants were 48 people who had self-reported sensitivity to aspartame and 48 gender and age matched non-sensitive individuals. What are Symptoms of Aspartame Poisoning. FDA has listed 92 symptoms of aspartame poisoning which are contained within the text of articles, reports, and letters written by doctors who have either treated patients suffering from aspartame poisoning, or wherein the doctor is a recognized expert in the field of aspartame poisoning.1. Physical Symptoms Aspartame poisoning can affect your organs and hamper their functioning. Diminished level of functioning in the body parts can cause enormous pain if left untreated. Ear Symptoms: Aspartame poisoning can cause tinnitus or buzzing in the ear. The individual can become intolerant to noises which can lead to hearing loss.I have seen the effects of aspartame toxicity and have discussed symptoms of aspartame poisoning with literally hundreds of people who have found this website. Based on the number of emails I have received from people like yourself, I believe that the effects of aspartame toxicity are more common than people realize.We believe that these patients' chronic pain was due to the ingestion of aspartame, a potent flavouring agent, widely used in food as a calorie-saver. The benefit/ risk ratio of considering the diagnosis of aspartame-induced chronic pain is obvious: the potential benefit is to cure a disabling chronic disease, to spare numerous laboratory and ... The medical text, "Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic" by the late Dr. H.J. Roberts, world renown aspartame expert, is 1000 pages of symptoms, diseases and drug interactions all triggered or ...Aspartame poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed because aspartame symptoms mock textbook ‘disease’ symptoms, such as Grave’s Disease. Aspartame changes the ratio of amino acids in the blood, blocking or lowering the levels of serotonin, tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline.Products Alternatives Summary Aspartame is present in diet sodas and other low-calorie items. However, it is not clear if it helps people lose weight, as it may also increase appetite and affect... Products Alternatives Summary Aspartame is present in diet sodas and other low-calorie items. However, it is not clear if it helps people lose weight, as it may also increase appetite and affect... What is it? Claims Potential dangers Deciding Popular concern Aspartame is a popular sugar substitute found in: diet sodas snacks yogurts other foods It offers a low-calorie alternative to sugar.... Breathlessness, elevated blood pressure and skipped or racing heartbeat are all symptoms of aspartame toxicity. Gastrointestinal Symptoms. People often experience an upset stomach, diarrhea (possibly bloody), abdominal pain and painful swallowing when using aspartame as a sweetener. Skin and Allergies.Apr 9, 2018 · Related Topic(s): 92 Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms According To Fda; Aspartame Poisoning; Betty Martini; Cancer; Cancer; Diet Cokes; Donald Rumsfeld; Ekaterina Fedyaeva Victim Of Formaldehyde ... Aspartame is a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the natural amino acids L - aspartic acid and L - phenylalanine. [4] Under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, aspartame may generate methanol by hydrolysis. Under more severe conditions, the peptide bonds are also hydrolyzed, resulting in free amino acids.Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable hearing loss can also occur. Eye Symptoms. Aspartame can cause decreased vision, particularly night vision, blurring, tunnel vision and eye pain. Apr 3, 2023 · Effects on metabolism. A 2015 study found that high levels of aspartame may cause other changes in the body, such as changes in serum and oxidative stress markers, and can lead to type 2 diabetes ... Toxic effects due to the consumption of aspartame can occur regardless of how long you’ve been consuming diet products. The most common signs of aspartame toxicity are fatigue, joint pain, dizziness, headaches and menstrual problems. Before your symptoms get worse, perform this step-by-step process to detoxify from aspartame.In people with PKU, phenylalanine can cause intellectual disability, brain damage, seizures, and skin and other problems. Intellectual disability is slow learning and skill building. Phenylalanine is in many protein-rich foods, such as milk, eggs and meat. Phenylalanine also is sold as a dietary supplement. The artificial sweetener aspartame ...The dangers of aspartame poisoning have been a well-guarded secret since the 1980s. The research and history of aspartame is conclusive as a cause of illness and toxic reactions in the human body. Aspartame is a dangerous chemical food additive, and its use during pregnancy and by children is one of the greatest modern tragedies of all.1. Physical Symptoms Aspartame poisoning can affect your organs and hamper their functioning. Diminished level of functioning in the body parts can cause enormous pain if left untreated. Ear Symptoms: Aspartame poisoning can cause tinnitus or buzzing in the ear. The individual can become intolerant to noises which can lead to hearing loss.The truth about sweeteners. Lower or no calorie sweeteners are substances used instead of sugar to sweeten foods and drinks. They're found in products such as drinks, desserts and ready meals, cakes, chewing gum and toothpaste. You can find a full list of all food additives, including all sweeteners, authorised for use in Great Britain on the ...Once you switch to non-poisonous sweeteners, you can be proud that you are no longer ingesting a poison that distributes formaldehyde, an excitotoxin, and DKP throughout the body. You will now be taking good care of yourself! It can take 60 days without aspartame (and in more severe poisoning cases longer) before symptoms begin to improve.Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable hearing loss can also occur. Eye Symptoms. Aspartame can cause decreased vision, particularly night vision, blurring, tunnel vision and eye pain. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener found in diet soda, non-sugar sweetener packets and some foods. If you've given up drinking diet soda, you may wonder if any diet soda withdrawal symptoms you've been having — like headaches or trouble focusing — are actually from giving up aspartame. The jury is still out on whether you need to worry ...Sep 3, 2023 · Aspartame breaks down in part into phenylalanine, which interferes with the action of an enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) previously shown to prevent metabolic syndrome (a group of symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease) according to a 2017 study in Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. In this ... Aspartame poisoning is often misdiagnosed because its symptoms mock other syndromes. It changes the ratio of amino acids in the blood, lowering or blocking levels of hormones like dopamine and tyrosine that are necessary for bodily function.Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms. Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener found in numerous food and beverage products. While it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been reports of aspartame poisoning and associated symptoms. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of aspartame poisoning, how it occurs ...Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages. Certain types of cleaners are only harmful if ingested, while others also emit toxic gases/fumes.The FDA has a list of around 90 documented symptoms related to aspartame consumption. Hearing loss, ringing and buzzing in the ears, and noise intolerance are a few of those symptoms. Tinnitus is a debilitating ringing the ears and has also been a commonly reported issue by people who consume diet soda. The hearing loss associated with cases of ...May 3, 2023 · Symptoms of Aspartame Poisoning. For people with PKU, a buildup of phenylalanine in the body from too much aspartame or other sources may cause the following symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic and Nemours: A musty odor in the urine, skin or breath. Seizures and other neurological problems. Eczema or other skin rash. Diet drinks sat in the 120 degree F. Arabian sun for weeks at a time on pallets. The service men and women drank them all day long. All of their symptoms are identical to aspartame poisoning. Dr. Roberts says "consuming aspartame at the time of conception can cause birth defects".Jun 6, 2019 · Aspartame Harms the Brain~ studies show that Diet Coke's aspartame harms the brain. Trump is 70; the damaging effects can be more pronounced on older folks. 'Some had to be institutionalized with ... Symptoms of Aspartame Poisoning. 1. Physical Symptoms. The effects of aspartame are far reaching and negatively impact many organ systems and structures, causing a diminished level of functioning and enjoyment of life. Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable ...May 4, 2023 · Unsafe forms of stevia. Stevia and pregnancy. Takeaway. Using stevia can reduce calories in foods and drinks, but it may also have some adverse effects. Possible side effects include nausea ... Ear Symptoms. Tinnitus or buzzing in the ear is a common symptom of aspartame poisoning. Intolerance to noises and notable hearing loss can also occur. Eye Symptoms. Aspartame can cause decreased vision, particularly night vision, blurring, tunnel vision and eye pain. In the gastrointestinal region it causes diarrhea, nausea, pain when swallowing, and abdominal pain. In the skin, it causes allergies, rashes, itching, lip and mouth reactions, asthma, and hives. Other serious side effects include: menstrual changes, weight loss, thinning or loss of hair, weight gain, low blood sugar, severe PMS, loss of ...Sep 25, 2019 · Xylitol. This naturally produced sweetener is found in many “sugar-free” items for people, such as ice cream, candies, pastries, gum, yogurts, juices, and more. Xylitol is highly toxic and ... Feb 9, 2023 · Some examples of aspartame-containing products include: zero sugar soda. sugar-free ice cream. reduced-calorie fruit juice. sugar-free gum. reduced sugar ketchup. light yogurt. no sugar energy bars. sugar-free salad dressing. sugarless candy. Mar 20, 2017 · LD-50 for artificial sweeteners is in the ballpark of 10,000 mg/kg. Salt is more toxic at 3000 mg/kg. Aspirin weighs in at 1500 mg/kg and acetaminophen at 500 mg/kg. Obviously, sweeteners are not particularly hazardous. But risk is a measure both of hazard and exposure, so we have to take a look at consumption. Symptoms of aspartame poisoning can include headaches, decreased vision, elevated blood pressure and dizziness. Advertisement The best way to avoid aspartame poisoning is to stop eating foods that contain this artificial sweetener.Aspartame is a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the natural amino acids L - aspartic acid and L - phenylalanine. [4] Under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, aspartame may generate methanol by hydrolysis. Under more severe conditions, the peptide bonds are also hydrolyzed, resulting in free amino acids. Aspartame poisoning is often misdiagnosed because its symptoms mock other syndromes. It changes the ratio of amino acids in the blood, lowering or blocking levels of hormones like dopamine and tyrosine that are necessary for bodily function.Products Alternatives Summary Aspartame is present in diet sodas and other low-calorie items. However, it is not clear if it helps people lose weight, as it may also increase appetite and affect...Side effects Natural alternatives Outlook Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). It has not been conclusively linked with any serious side effects or health problems, but people with...Aspartame (α-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine-o-methyl ester), an artificial sweetener, has been linked to behavioral and cognitive problems. Possible neurophysiological symptoms include learning problems, headache, seizure, migraines, irritable moods, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The consumption of a …Aspartame is an Immune System toxin and the term Aspartame Poisoning is used to describe the result of this toxin on the human body. The number of symptoms of Aspartame Poisoning is large. Check to see if your condition is in one of the following lists. 92 Aspartame Symptoms reported to the FDA, and/or. Aspartame Symptoms by category, and/or. Some studies have found that consuming aspartame can slow down your metabolism, thus leading to weight gain even if fewer calories were consumed. Other studies found this not to be the case. The ...Saccharin (Sweet'N Low). Sucralose (Splenda). Luo han guo (Monk Fruit in the Raw). Purified stevia leaf extracts (Truvia, PureVia, others). Other countries, such as those in the European Union, have more sugar substitute options than does the United States. The FDA allows product-makers to use sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol and xylitol, too.Jul 27, 2017 · Aspartame is a toxic chemical that has been used for many years to sweeten diet foods and beverages 2. Toxic effects due to the consumption of aspartame can occur regardless of how long you’ve been consuming diet products. The most common signs of aspartame toxicity are fatigue, joint pain, dizziness, headaches and menstrual problems. Apr 9, 2018 · Related Topic(s): 92 Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms According To Fda; Aspartame Poisoning; Betty Martini; Cancer; Cancer; Diet Cokes; Donald Rumsfeld; Ekaterina Fedyaeva Victim Of Formaldehyde ... Mar 11, 2009 · Aspartame changes the ratio of amino acids in the blood, blocking or lowering the levels of serotonin, tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline. Therefore, it is typical that aspartame symptoms cannot be detected in lab tests and on x-rays. Textbook disorders and diseases may actually be a toxic load as a result of aspartame poisoning. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 | 800.223.2273 | © 2023 Cleveland Clinic. All Rights Reserved.Browse an A to Z list of symptoms. Call, chat with a Cleveland Clinic health educator or visit our website for more information. Through her research she has found that there are 92 disease symptoms that aspartame creates. Dr. Hull notes that a lot of the symptoms suffered by those with Fibromyalgia and CFIDS are the same as some of the symptoms of aspartame poisoning. The components that make up aspartame can lead to a number of health problems. Side effects can occur ... The truth about sweeteners. Lower or no calorie sweeteners are substances used instead of sugar to sweeten foods and drinks. They're found in products such as drinks, desserts and ready meals, cakes, chewing gum and toothpaste. You can find a full list of all food additives, including all sweeteners, authorised for use in Great Britain on the ... 1. Physical Symptoms Aspartame poisoning can affect your organs and hamper their functioning. Diminished level of functioning in the body parts can cause enormous pain if left untreated. Ear Symptoms: Aspartame poisoning can cause tinnitus or buzzing in the ear. The individual can become intolerant to noises which can lead to hearing loss.Carmen took the vitamins away from Katrina, and her returning symptoms disappeared. The coincidence of all! Katrina suffered from acute toxicity, lethargy, confusion, impairment of articulation, sever headaches, abdominal pain, vertigo, and temporary visual loss. All symptoms of aspartame toxicity.Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener, meaning it contains an extremely tiny or zero amount of carbohydrates and doesn’t provide the body with energy — or calories — as sugar does. However ...Jul 14, 2023 · Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener, meaning it contains an extremely tiny or zero amount of carbohydrates and doesn’t provide the body with energy — or calories — as sugar does. However ... 1. Physical Symptoms Aspartame poisoning can affect your organs and hamper their functioning. Diminished level of functioning in the body parts can cause enormous pain if left untreated. Ear Symptoms: Aspartame poisoning can cause tinnitus or buzzing in the ear. The individual can become intolerant to noises which can lead to hearing loss.When 40 participants with depression and 40 participants without depression were given aspartame (30 mg/kg body weight/day) or confectioners’ sugar (Walton, Hudak, & Green-Waite, 1993) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial over 20 days with two 3-day washout periods and two 7-day treatment sessions and self-reported symptoms, the ...Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms. Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener found in numerous food and beverage products. While it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been reports of aspartame poisoning and associated symptoms. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms of aspartame poisoning, how it occurs ...Browse an A to Z list of symptoms. Call, chat with a Cleveland Clinic health educator or visit our website for more information. Aspartame (α-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine-o-methyl ester), an artificial sweetener, has been linked to behavioral and cognitive problems. Possible neurophysiological symptoms include learning problems, headache, seizure, migraines, irritable moods, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The consumption of a …Apr 3, 2023 · Effects on metabolism. A 2015 study found that high levels of aspartame may cause other changes in the body, such as changes in serum and oxidative stress markers, and can lead to type 2 diabetes ... An independent study by Sathyapalan et al. in 2015 used a double-blind, randomized crossover design to test the acute effects of aspartame on 14 symptoms plus biochemical and metabolic measurements. Participants were 48 people who had self-reported sensitivity to aspartame and 48 gender and age matched non-sensitive individuals.

These scientists knew that aspartame was a lethal poison! In fact, in a 1996 report compiled from 10,000 consumer complaints obtained during the pre-marketing testing period, the FDA listed 92 aspartame-related symptoms, ranging from seizures to death!. 24 hour wendy

aspartame poisoning symptoms

Unfortunately, aspartame poisoning can be misdiagnosed because aspartame symptoms mock textbook ‘disease’ symptoms, such as Multiple Sclerosis. The ratio of amino acids in the blood is changed by aspartame – it blocks or lowers the levels of serotonin, tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline. Side effects Natural alternatives Outlook Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS). It has not been conclusively linked with any serious side effects or health problems, but people with...Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages. Certain types of cleaners are only harmful if ingested, while others also emit toxic gases/fumes.Aspartame Dangers. The dangers of aspartame poisoning have been a well-guarded secret since the 1980s. The research and history of aspartame is conclusive as a cause of illness and toxic reactions in the human body. Aspartame is a dangerous chemical food additive, and its use during pregnancy and by children is one of the greatest modern ... Through her research she has found that there are 92 disease symptoms that aspartame creates. Dr. Hull notes that a lot of the symptoms suffered by those with Fibromyalgia and CFIDS are the same as some of the symptoms of aspartame poisoning. The components that make up aspartame can lead to a number of health problems. Side effects can occur ...Neurologic: Aspartame can do harm to our neurologic system, and the most common symptom of aspartame poisoning is headache and dizziness. Besides, it can also cause the following conditions including confusion, memory loss, severe drowsiness and sleepiness and sever speech slurring. Psychological: Severe depression and anxiety, change of mood ... Aspartame (Blue Packet) Consuming aspartame causes no serious health effects in dogs, aside from minor gastrointestinal problems. That being said, it is in no way a healthy product for dogs to eat.Jul 14, 2023 · Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener, meaning it contains an extremely tiny or zero amount of carbohydrates and doesn’t provide the body with energy — or calories — as sugar does. However ... Aspartame PoisoningStole 20 Years of Good Health. by Sue B. (WI.) I suffered for over 20 years with aspartame poisoning. My health symptoms started shortly after I started using the product back in the early 1980's. It started with a general feeling of not being well and then led to swelling of my hands and knees.Dozens of studies have linked the popular artificial sweetener aspartame to serious health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, stroke and dementia, as well as negative effects such as intestinal dysbiosis, mood disorders, headaches and migraines. Evidence also links aspartame to weight gain ...Apr 9, 2018 · Related Topic(s): 92 Aspartame Poisoning Symptoms According To Fda; Aspartame Poisoning; Betty Martini; Cancer; Cancer; Diet Cokes; Donald Rumsfeld; Ekaterina Fedyaeva Victim Of Formaldehyde ... LD-50 for artificial sweeteners is in the ballpark of 10,000 mg/kg. Salt is more toxic at 3000 mg/kg. Aspirin weighs in at 1500 mg/kg and acetaminophen at 500 mg/kg. Obviously, sweeteners are not particularly hazardous. But risk is a measure both of hazard and exposure, so we have to take a look at consumption.Headaches. Quitting aspartame (and caffeine, if quitting sodas) can lead to headaches and migraines for many people. Insomnia can be another symptom of aspartame withdrawal, which can also lead to headaches. Taking pain relievers, getting good rest, and staying hydrated with water can help to take the edge off while you rid your body of aspartame.We believe that these patients' chronic pain was due to the ingestion of aspartame, a potent flavouring agent, widely used in food as a calorie-saver. The benefit/ risk ratio of considering the diagnosis of aspartame-induced chronic pain is obvious: the potential benefit is to cure a disabling chronic disease, to spare numerous laboratory and ... In laboratory studies, aspartame is shown to have no adverse effects on dogs in dosages up to 4,000 milligrams per kilogram -- or 2.2 pounds -- of body weight. Memory and learning skills began to be affected in dosages exceeding 5,000 milligrams. If your dog happens to ingest aspartame on an accidental basis, it is unlikely he would be able to ...Dec 30, 2022 · Treatment for food poisoning depends on how severe your symptoms are and what caused the illness. In most cases, drug treatment isn't necessary. Fluid replacement. Fluids and electrolytes, maintain the balance of fluids in your body. Electrolytes include minerals such as sodium, potassium and calcium. .

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