Click for more information on 2020-2021 i-Ready Diagnostic National Norms Tables for Reading and Mathematics for Grade K-8 . Students’ superior performance on the Aspire tests qualified St. Benedict Prep as a National Blue Ribbon School in 2019, one of only 50 private schools in the nation to earn the recognition.Stockton Unified School District / HomepageFor 1st grade, a Fall Math of 440 is 99th percentile. A Winter Math of 460 is also 99th percentile. These are stratospheric scores. 20 points is actually fairly significant on iReady. If your child had those scores during Spring, then 440 would be 89th percentile, and 460 would still be 99th percentile.Diagnostic Assessment. i-Ready Diagnostic is the heart of the i-Ready Assessment suite. This diagnostic assessment platform is designed with teachers in mind, to work on its own or with other i-Ready programs. The Grades K–12 diagnostic testing assessments manifests our core belief that all students can grow and achieve grade-level expectations. For 1st grade, a Fall Math of 440 is 99th percentile. A Winter Math of 460 is also 99th percentile. These are stratospheric scores. 20 points is actually fairly significant on iReady. If your child had those scores during Spring, then 440 would be 89th percentile, and 460 would still be 99th percentile.The i-Ready Diagnostic is an adaptive assessment that adjusts its questions to suit your student’s needs. Each item that a student sees is individualized based on their answer to the previous question. i-Ready Personalized Instruction provides students with lessons based on their individual skill level and needs so your student can learn at a ...iReady . scale score. After the student completes the adaptive assessment, i-Ready . generates a set of scores that includes an overall scale score. Using the overall scale score located in the Student Profile Report, educators compare the score to the simple translation table (below); if the student’s score is belowThe iReady Universal Screener is administered to all students in Kindergarten through eighth grade. Universal screeners will allow teachers to identify students in need of enrichment/acceleration or who are at risk for poor learning outcomes. Universal screeners seek to find areas of skills that need to be improved or areas of skills that are ...Curriculum Associates i-Ready integrates powerful assessments with engaging instruction to help all students grow and succeed. 153 Rangeway Road, North Billerica, MA 01862; Email [email protected] is a research-based, mission-driven organization that supports students and educators worldwide by creating assessment and learning solutions that precisely measure growth and proficiency—and provide trustworthy insights to help tailor instruction. Check out our easy-to-use resources.iready-norms-tables-k-8-2021.pdf. iReady Diagnostic National Norms. ELA and Math 2021-2022. Teacher TookBox 2020.docx.2023-24 i-Ready Placement Table (PDF). The iReady placement tables (updated for this school year). 2023-24 Reclassification cut scores (TBD after first administration of iReady) 2023-24 Research Key Dates Calendar (webpage, Google Calendar) 2023-24 Data/Training Request (Google Form) Contacts:Feb 12, 2021 · View Norms for Different Times of Year. When you open the tool the Lexile or Quantile measures that are the norm at the end of a school year are displayed. You can also see the norms for the beginning and middle of the school year. Select the Time of Year list and select on the time you want to see. The norms for that time of year will be ... Sep 2, 2022 · For example, according to this table: Math scale score of 526 can be placed as 95 percentile as a 6th grader (and a fourth grader need to do many 6th or 7th grade questions right to get a score like 526. In my understanding, iready is primarily meant as a screener to catch problems rather than a tool to identify high learners so it may not be ... Highest rating: 3. Low rated: 3. Summary: A good score is one that will get you into the college of your choice, so the answer depends on where you want to go to college. The average score is 20. While …. See Details. 6. [PDF] i-Ready Diagnostic. Author: chata.accelschoolsnetwork.com.Overall- Mathematics Placement Student Grade On Grade Ranges Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Early Year 362-372 402-412 428-440 449-463 465-481 480-497 495-513 508-530 518-5301st Grade Fall Below are the diagnostic scores and corresponding percentiles for 1st grade students taken between the beginning of the school year and November 15th. Winter Below are the diagnostic scores and corresponding percentiles for 1st grade students taken between the beginning November 16th and March 1st. SpringFor 1st grade, a Fall Math of 440 is 99th percentile. A Winter Math of 460 is also 99th percentile. These are stratospheric scores. 20 points is actually fairly significant on iReady. If your child had those scores during Spring, then 440 would be 89th percentile, and 460 would still be 99th percentile.November 7 –December 16, 2022 April 17 –May 26, 2023 Florida Civic Literacy Exam: October–December 2022 . National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Age 13 Long-term Trend January 23–March 17 , 2023 . ACCESS for ELLs Alternate ACCESS for ELLs March–April 2023 : ACT or SAT (Districts select either ACT or SAT toStockton Unified School District / HomepageMakeup: Dec 5 to Dec 9, 2022 : Grade 11 and 12 Computer – 1 hour . February 2023 . New Jersey State Graduation Proficiency Assessment (NJSGPA) Spring – Mar 13, to Mar 17, 2023 Makeup: Mar 20, to Mar 24, 2023 Grade 11 Computer – 1 hour May 2023 . Start Strong Assessment ELA (NJSLA-ELA) Fall - Aug 31, 2022 – Sep 30, 2022 Feb 12, 2021 · View Norms for Different Times of Year. When you open the tool the Lexile or Quantile measures that are the norm at the end of a school year are displayed. You can also see the norms for the beginning and middle of the school year. Select the Time of Year list and select on the time you want to see. The norms for that time of year will be ... Norms Tables for Reading and Mathematics for Grades K8 i-Ready Diagnostic National 20202021 Curriculum Associates Research Report August 2020. 8232019 43013 PM. In the table below the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns AC are iReady Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward ...For 1st grade, a Fall Math of 440 is 99th percentile. A Winter Math of 460 is also 99th percentile. These are stratospheric scores. 20 points is actually fairly significant on iReady. If your child had those scores during Spring, then 440 would be 89th percentile, and 460 would still be 99th percentile.View iready-placement-tables-2020-2021 (1).pdf from MAT MISC at Palm Desert High. i-Ready Diagnostic Scale Score Placement Tables (2020–2021 School Year) ©2020 Curriculum Associates, LLC. These norms are new for the 2020–2021 school year and are based on data from the 2018–2019 school year. As is common for national norms, it is expected that these norms will remain in use for a number of school years, although Curriculum Associates will continue to monitor the norms each year to determine when new norms are needed. Some of the worksheets displayed are Staar grade 8 reading answer key paper, Spectrum science grade 8 answer key, Science explorer grade 8, Language arts grade 8 language, Grade 8 reading practice test, Answer key for spectrum science grade 4, Spectrum grade 3 answer key, Grades 78 by michael priestley. Free Answers by our Experts: 228 079.Makeup: Dec 5 to Dec 9, 2022 : Grade 11 and 12 Computer – 1 hour . February 2023 . New Jersey State Graduation Proficiency Assessment (NJSGPA) Spring – Mar 13, to Mar 17, 2023 Makeup: Mar 20, to Mar 24, 2023 Grade 11 Computer – 1 hour May 2023 . Start Strong Assessment ELA (NJSLA-ELA) Fall - Aug 31, 2022 – Sep 30, 2022iready-norms-tables-k-8-2021.pdf. iReady Diagnostic National Norms. ELA and Math 2021-2022. Teacher TookBox 2020.docx.Teach vocabulary in the context of reading. i-Ready sets students up for success by giving teachers insight into where they are in their learning and where they need to go as they develop. The continuous improvements in the program are grounded in our feedback and invaluable for our district. Dave Hurst, Deputy Superintendent, Bethlehem Central ...i-Ready Scale Score Placement Tables (20 20 – 202 1 School Year) (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 2020 -48 ). North Billerica, MA: Author. Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225 -0248. Overall—Mathematics (K–8 All and Integrated) Overall Placements . Student Grade Placement Grade Level Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 ...Sep 2, 2022 · For example, according to this table: Math scale score of 526 can be placed as 95 percentile as a 6th grader (and a fourth grader need to do many 6th or 7th grade questions right to get a score like 526. In my understanding, iready is primarily meant as a screener to catch problems rather than a tool to identify high learners so it may not be ... The iReady Universal Screener is administered to all students in Kindergarten through eighth grade. Universal screeners will allow teachers to identify students in need of enrichment/acceleration or who are at risk for poor learning outcomes. Universal screeners seek to find areas of skills that need to be improved or areas of skills that are ...i-Ready Scale Score Placement Tables (20 20 – 202 1 School Year) (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 2020 -48 ). North Billerica, MA: Author. Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225 -0248. Overall—Mathematics (K–8 All and Integrated) Overall Placements . Student Grade Placement Grade Level Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 ...Universal screening with the iReady assessment gives teachers information about strengths and needs in students’ basic reading and mathematics skills. Gaps in basic skills are the root of many later learning difficulties. Early detection and intervention in these gaps can help students reach their potential. The iReady assessment works best ...Curriculum Associates June 2, 2022 · New for #iReady 2022-2023: Expanded tools for scaffolding instruction, grade-level scaffolding, and reader bookshelves. Learn more here: curriculumassociates.com What's New With i-Ready—Explore New Features in i-Ready We work year-round to make i-Ready more helpful for teachers and more impactful for students.In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. Students with scores below these ranges may be “at risk” The old scale score (Star Enterprise Scale score) will still be available for the 2021-22 school year but will be discontinued for the 2022-23 school year. In August of this year, Renaissance Learning published cut scores for the new Unified Scale Scores, but they have only published them for the Spring Benchmark period.i-Ready® Diagnostic Threshold Levels 2022-2023 In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. i-Ready Diagnostic National Norms for Reading and Mathematics for Grades K–8: 2022–2023 1. i-Ready Diagnostic National Norms: Grades K–8 . Curriculum Associates Research Rep Jan 1, 2022 · Save Save iready-placement-tables-2021-2022-1-1 For Later 0% 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Included in Cost: i Ready is a fully web-based, vendor-hosted, Software-as-a-Service application. The per-student or site-based license fee includes account set-up and management; unlimited access to i-Ready’s assessment, management, and reporting functionality; plus unlimited access to U.S.-based customer service/technical support and all program maintenance, updates, and enhancements for ...In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. Students with scores below these ranges may be “at risk” Dec 14, 2021 · Data Notes: In these graphs and tables, on-grade level performance is defined using iReady’s nationally normed placement levels. This value reflects students performing in the “Early On-Grade” or the “Mid On-Grade or Above” placement level during fall testing. November 7 –December 16, 2022 April 17 –May 26, 2023 Florida Civic Literacy Exam: October–December 2022 . National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Age 13 Long-term Trend January 23–March 17 , 2023 . ACCESS for ELLs Alternate ACCESS for ELLs March–April 2023 : ACT or SAT (Districts select either ACT or SAT to1st Grade Fall Below are the diagnostic scores and corresponding percentiles for 1st grade students taken between the beginning of the school year and November 15th. Winter Below are the diagnostic scores and corresponding percentiles for 1st grade students taken between the beginning November 16th and March 1st. SpringNorms Tables for Reading and Mathematics for Grades K8 i-Ready Diagnostic National 20202021 Curriculum Associates Research Report August 2020. 8232019 43013 PM. In the table below the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns AC are iReady Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward ...Overall- Mathematics Placement Student Grade On Grade Ranges Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Early Year 362-372 402-412 428-440 449-463 465-481 480-497 495-513 508-530 518-530 Student achievement norms The norms in the tables below have a very straightforward interpretation. ... 12 223.80 19.32 223.85 21.21 224.33 23.08 2020 Mathematics ...Included in Cost: i Ready is a fully web-based, vendor-hosted, Software-as-a-Service application. The per-student or site-based license fee includes account set-up and management; unlimited access to i-Ready’s assessment, management, and reporting functionality; plus unlimited access to U.S.-based customer service/technical support and all program maintenance, updates, and enhancements for ... i-Ready Diagnostic Implementation 2022-23 Grades: 3-8 Reading and Math (Grades K-2 Optional) The i-Ready Diagnostic is a test designed to help teachers support each student and create a path of personalized instruction for every learner. The adaptive test adjusts its questions to suit each student's needs. The iReady Universal Screener is administered to all students in Kindergarten through eighth grade. Universal screeners will allow teachers to identify students in need of enrichment/acceleration or who are at risk for poor learning outcomes. Universal screeners seek to find areas of skills that need to be improved or areas of skills that are ...Sep 2, 2022 · It seems they place every child score below 99 percentile one grade above as "on level". For example, according to this table: Math scale score of 526 can be placed as 95 percentile as a 6th grader (and a fourth grader need to do many 6th or 7th grade questions right to get a score like 526. In my understanding, iready is primarily meant as a ... i-Ready Diagnostic Assessments and i-Ready Personalized Instruction. To support continuous learning and instructional decision making, the Solana Beach School District will utilize the i-Ready Mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) diagnostic assessments as one of many measures to monitor student progress and support instructional decision-making. Aug 29, 2022 · Curriculum Associates Updates i-Ready Personalized Instruction and Assessment to Help Accelerate Student Learning for the 2022–2023 School Year New reports, lessons, accessibility features, and more will help educators support grade-level work, monitor progress, and motivate every learner on their path to success Curriculum Associates June 2, 2022 · New for #iReady 2022-2023: Expanded tools for scaffolding instruction, grade-level scaffolding, and reader bookshelves. Learn more here: curriculumassociates.com What's New With i-Ready—Explore New Features in i-Ready We work year-round to make i-Ready more helpful for teachers and more impactful for students.Curriculum Associates i-Ready integrates powerful assessments with engaging instruction to help all students grow and succeed. 153 Rangeway Road, North Billerica, MA 01862; Email [email protected] The i-Ready Diagnostic is: Nationally norm referenced. Helps to identify gaps and strengths above and below grade level. Offers next steps for instruction around the areas to develop with Teacher led PDFs. Supports grades 2-8 standards. Can be used to support high school as a universal screener for incoming 9th graders and for targeted ...* See note 1 about 2002 versus 2007 norms and note 2 about 2018 norms for this test on the first page of this document. MATHEMATICS. Test Name: SAT – 10 th Edition Form(s): A,D Score Name: Total Mathematics Publisher: Pearson Education Norming Year 2002,2007 Grade School Mean Scale Score at 85 th Percentile of National School Norms (Column 1)A low iready could be disastrous for a principal placed kid if they remove the kid from the AAP classroom. If the kid is solidly in AAP, then the score won't have any impact. Kids who are below grade level and fail SOLs still can't be booted out of AAP. yep, Principal place and level III scores matter.A low iready could be disastrous for a principal placed kid if they remove the kid from the AAP classroom. If the kid is solidly in AAP, then the score won't have any impact. Kids who are below grade level and fail SOLs still can't be booted out of AAP. yep, Principal place and level III scores matter.Included in Cost: i Ready Diagnostic is a fully web-based, vendor-hosted, Software-as-a-Service application. The per-student or site-based license fee includes account set-up and management; unlimited access to i-Ready’s assessment, management, and reporting functionality; plus unlimited access to U.S.-based customer service/technical support and all program maintenance, updates, and ... Jan 20, 2021 · Screenshot 2021-01-20 at 7.23.29 PM - Read online for free. ... I-Ready Diagnostic National: Norms Tables For Reading and Mathematics For Grades K-8 2020-2021 Log in to i-Ready®, online assessment and instruction that helps teachers provide all students a path to proficiency and growth in reading and mathematics. Highest rating: 3. Low rated: 3. Summary: A good score is one that will get you into the college of your choice, so the answer depends on where you want to go to college. The average score is 20. While …. See Details. 6. [PDF] i-Ready Diagnostic. Author: chata.accelschoolsnetwork.com.Log in to i-Ready®, online assessment and instruction that helps teachers provide all students a path to proficiency and growth in reading and mathematics. 1 23 53 2 51 72 89 3 71 92 107 NATIONAL ORF NORMS 50thPercentiles Hasbrouck & Tindal (2006) 4 94 112 123 5 110 127 139 6 127 140 150 7 128 136 150 8 133 146 151 GREEN zone 10or more to -4 YELLOW Zone -5 to -10 RED Zone > 10 below Read Naturally, Inc. www.readnaturally.comThe i-Ready Diagnostic is: Nationally norm referenced. Helps to identify gaps and strengths above and below grade level. Offers next steps for instruction around the areas to develop with Teacher led PDFs. Supports grades 2-8 standards. Can be used to support high school as a universal screener for incoming 9th graders and for targeted ...2023-24 i-Ready Placement Table (PDF). The iReady placement tables (updated for this school year). 2023-24 Reclassification cut scores (TBD after first administration of iReady) 2023-24 Research Key Dates Calendar (webpage, Google Calendar) 2023-24 Data/Training Request (Google Form) Contacts:Student performance on Florida’s statewide assessments is categorized into five achievement levels. Table 1 provides information regarding student performance at each achievement level; this information is provided on student reports so that students, parents, and educators may interpret student results in a meaningful way. i-Ready Scale Score Placement Tables (20 20 – 202 1 School Year) (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 2020 -48 ). North Billerica, MA: Author. Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225 -0248. Overall—Mathematics (K–8 All and Integrated) Overall Placements . Student Grade Placement Grade Level Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 ...In 2017, Hasbrouck and Tindal published an Update of Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Norms , compiled from three widely-used and commercially available ORF assessments ( DIBELS , DIBELS Next, and easy CBM), and representing a far larger number of scores than the previous assessments. The table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students in ... Scroll to find your child’s most recent iReady Scores. What do these numbers mean? Overall scale scores give your child’s averaged score based on subcategories. For ELA, that includes phonological awareness, phonics, high frequency words, vocabulary, comprehension of literary texts and comprehension of informational texts. Scale Score Placement Tables (20 20 – 202 1 School Year) (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 2020 -48 ). North Billerica, MA: Author. Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225 -0248. Overall—Mathematics (K–8 All and Integrated) Overall Placements . Student Grade Placement Grade Level Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 ...Research Overview. This publication features the i-Ready Diagnostic national norms for Grades K–8. These norms are based on data from the 2018–2019 school year and apply to the 2022–2023 school year. As is common for national norms, it is expected that these norms will remain in use for a number of school years, although Curriculum ... 2021-22, 2022-23, and 2024 Taft School has received an Early Literacy Block Grant. In this grant all TK-3 teachers are provided professional development in Early Literacy Instruction. The current data shows our TK-3 grade students are making progress. 2021-22 school year is the first year the TK-3 grade teachers areDiagnostic Assessment. i-Ready Diagnostic is the heart of the i-Ready Assessment suite. This diagnostic assessment platform is designed with teachers in mind, to work on its own or with other i-Ready programs. The Grades K–12 diagnostic testing assessments manifests our core belief that all students can grow and achieve grade-level expectations.Student performance on Florida’s statewide assessments is categorized into five achievement levels. Table 1 provides information regarding student performance at each achievement level; this information is provided on student reports so that students, parents, and educators may interpret student results in a meaningful way.Scroll to find your child’s most recent iReady Scores. What do these numbers mean? Overall scale scores give your child’s averaged score based on subcategories. For ELA, that includes phonological awareness, phonics, high frequency words, vocabulary, comprehension of literary texts and comprehension of informational texts. i-Ready Diagnostic Implementation 2022-23 Grades: 3-8 Reading and Math (Grades K-2 Optional) The i-Ready Diagnostic is a test designed to help teachers support each student and create a path of personalized instruction for every learner. The adaptive test adjusts its questions to suit each student's needs. i-Ready Diagnostic Assessments and i-Ready Personalized Instruction. To support continuous learning and instructional decision making, the Solana Beach School District will utilize the i-Ready Mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) diagnostic assessments as one of many measures to monitor student progress and support instructional decision-making.
In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. Students with scores below these ranges may be “at risk” . Contents
2023-24 i-Ready Placement Table (PDF). The iReady placement tables (updated for this school year). 2023-24 Reclassification cut scores (TBD after first administration of iReady) 2023-24 Research Key Dates Calendar (webpage, Google Calendar) 2023-24 Data/Training Request (Google Form) Contacts: Included in Cost: i Ready Diagnostic is a fully web-based, vendor-hosted, Software-as-a-Service application. The per-student or site-based license fee includes account set-up and management; unlimited access to i-Ready’s assessment, management, and reporting functionality; plus unlimited access to U.S.-based customer service/technical support and all program maintenance, updates, and ... Teach vocabulary in the context of reading. i-Ready sets students up for success by giving teachers insight into where they are in their learning and where they need to go as they develop. The continuous improvements in the program are grounded in our feedback and invaluable for our district. Dave Hurst, Deputy Superintendent, Bethlehem Central ...Given the 18 months of disrupted learning caused by the pandemic, FCPS expected to see a decline in performance across all grades. While this proves true when looking at iReady mean scaled scores in grades 2-6, declines in FCPS are generally less substantial than were seen nationwide pre- and post-pandemic.1 23 53 2 51 72 89 3 71 92 107 NATIONAL ORF NORMS 50thPercentiles Hasbrouck & Tindal (2006) 4 94 112 123 5 110 127 139 6 127 140 150 7 128 136 150 8 133 146 151 GREEN zone 10or more to -4 YELLOW Zone -5 to -10 RED Zone > 10 below Read Naturally, Inc. www.readnaturally.com In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. Students with scores below these ranges may be “at risk”©2018 Curriculum Associates, LLC Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225-0248 Reading Placements—Overall Student Grade Placement GradeScale Score Placement Tables (20 20 – 202 1 School Year) (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 2020 -48 ). North Billerica, MA: Author. Email: [email protected] Phone: (800) 225 -0248. Overall—Mathematics (K–8 All and Integrated) Overall Placements . Student Grade Placement Grade Level Grade K Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 ...Scroll to find your child’s most recent iReady Scores. What do these numbers mean? Overall scale scores give your child’s averaged score based on subcategories. For ELA, that includes phonological awareness, phonics, high frequency words, vocabulary, comprehension of literary texts and comprehension of informational texts. * See note 1 about 2002 versus 2007 norms and note 2 about 2018 norms for this test on the first page of this document. MATHEMATICS. Test Name: SAT – 10 th Edition Form(s): A,D Score Name: Total Mathematics Publisher: Pearson Education Norming Year: 2002,2007 Grade School Mean Scale Score at 85 th Percentile of National School Norms (Column 1)Teach vocabulary in the context of reading. i-Ready sets students up for success by giving teachers insight into where they are in their learning and where they need to go as they develop. The continuous improvements in the program are grounded in our feedback and invaluable for our district. Dave Hurst, Deputy Superintendent, Bethlehem Central ...NWEA is a research-based, mission-driven organization that supports students and educators worldwide by creating assessment and learning solutions that precisely measure growth and proficiency—and provide trustworthy insights to help tailor instruction. Check out our easy-to-use resources.In the table below, the number ranges in the unshaded rows of columns A–C are i‐Ready Diagnostic scale score ranges that students should achieve to be on track for progressing toward becoming proficient readers in grade 3. Students with scores below these ranges may be “at risk”.